Thursday, June 3, 2010
♥ Research for the Oil Palm Plantation and the Palm Oil Factory
1) Oil Palm Plantation
Facts,facts and more facts :) But please don't fall asleep
Well, let's start with a little background history...
Oil palms originated from Africa and were introduced by William Sime and Henry Darby in 1910.
Harvesting
An oil palm fruit bunch contains several hundred fruits which do not ripen all at the same time. The period between the first ripen fruit and the time at which all fruits of a bunch are ripen is 18 to 20days.
Harvesting is carried out using a pahat.
The palm fruit provided two source of oil :
1) Palm oil (from palm fruit) - This Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is the primary product derived from the red seeds of the oil palm. Used to make detergent,cooking oil etc.
2) Palm Kernel oil (from the fruit seeds) - Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) from the fruit’s nut/seed is considered to be a secondary product and the Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) is used for animal feed mainly.Used to make cosmetics.
Palm oil is high in saturated fats and thus semi-solid at room temperature.
Malaysia produced almost 50% of world palm oil production.
World demand for palm oil has been increasing rapidly. Most of this palm oil was consumed in Asia.
Did you know that there was such a thing as Palm Kernel Cake?
PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC)
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of oil extraction from palm kernel. This by-product is ever increasing due to the increasing growth of the oil palm industry in Asia and Africa.Currently, most of the Palm kernel cake (PKC) produced in Malaysia is exported at a low price to Europe for use as cattle feed typically dairy cows.
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an established feed ingredient for ruminants, supplying valuable dietary sources of protein, energy and fiber. Palm kernel cake (PKC) has also been successfully tested in poultry feeds at low levels of incorporation. The low cost and availability of Palm kernel cake (PKC) in many tropical countries where aquaculture is practiced have recently generated much interest in its potential use in fish diets.
The big trees
Mature trees are single-stemmed, and grow to 20 m tall. The leaves are pinnate, and reach between 3-5 m long. A young tree produces about 30 leaves a year. Established trees over 10 years produce about 20 leaves a year.
2)Oil Palm Mill
So let us go deeper into the subject of oil palm while talking about the oil palm mill.
Did you know
that a cluster made out of these small fruits can be 40-50kg?!
and every part of the fruit can be made use of without wasting anything. The oil palm fruit is able to be processed into crude oil, soap, or even edible vegetable oil, and the empty fruit bunch(EFB) also has its purpose.
When the Palm Oil fruit reaches the Oil Palm Mill, they go through 4 stages of extraction of oil, but the more detailed processes are:
1)Bunch Reception-It is generally fruit bunches or loose fruit arriing from the fields after harvest.
2)Bunch Sterialisation-It is when the fruit itself is separated fom the bunch.
3)Bunch Threshing- It is used to destroys oil-splitting enzymes and arrests hydrolysis and autoxidation.It is also used to weakens the fruit stem and makes it easy to remove the fruit from bunches on shaking or tumbling in the threshing machine.
4)Fruit Digestion-It is the process whereby palm oil is released from the fruit by rupturing or breaking down the oil-bearing cells.
5)Pulp Pressing-It is basically the extraction of the palm oil.
6)Oil Clarification-It is when the oil is refines from thicker fibres.
The production plant in the oil palm mill is designed to use industrial wastes from the palm oil industry such as EFB and palm oil effluent to produce useful resources such as pulp, electricity and industrial steam. Palm Oil EFB Fibre is a raw materials similar to wood base fibre which can be used to produce paper pulp, MDF board & particle board. How cool is that?!? These many ways of finding a purpose for the different parts of the oil palm fruit makes sure that nothing is wasted and thus is environmentally–friendly!
East Sabah, in Malaysia presently has 58 palm oil mills producing crude palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake. The Oil Palm Sector in Sabah is an important sector for the economy in terms of export earning. Oil palm contributes more than 30% of the total income from exports. No wonder Malaysia is investing a lot of its money into this trade as this special trade is connected to its financial economy!
Palm oil is produced from the pulp of the fruit. The oil is light yellow to red in colour and is rich in carotenes (the precursor of vitamin A) and Vitamin E.
Palm kernel oil is produced from the seed. The oil is almost colourless and is used in making margarine, ice-cream and in the baking industry.
There is roughly 1 oil palm mill for every 10,000 ha of oil palm planted.
For each hectare of oil palm, which is harvested year-round, the annual production averages 10 tonnes of fruit, which yields 3,000 kg of pericarp oil, and 750 kg of seed kernels, which yield 250 kg of high quality palm kernel oil as well as 500 kg of kernel meal. The meal is used to feed livestock. Some varieties have even higher productivities which has led to their consideration for producing the vegetable oil needed for biodiesel.
Looks like the growing industry in palm oil isn’t going to die down anytime soon...
Done By: Tay Pei Ling and Joanna Loh
Facts,facts and more facts :) But please don't fall asleep
Well, let's start with a little background history...
Oil palms originated from Africa and were introduced by William Sime and Henry Darby in 1910.
Harvesting
An oil palm fruit bunch contains several hundred fruits which do not ripen all at the same time. The period between the first ripen fruit and the time at which all fruits of a bunch are ripen is 18 to 20days.
Harvesting is carried out using a pahat.
The palm fruit provided two source of oil :
1) Palm oil (from palm fruit) - This Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is the primary product derived from the red seeds of the oil palm. Used to make detergent,cooking oil etc.
2) Palm Kernel oil (from the fruit seeds) - Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) from the fruit’s nut/seed is considered to be a secondary product and the Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) is used for animal feed mainly.Used to make cosmetics.
Palm oil is high in saturated fats and thus semi-solid at room temperature.
Malaysia produced almost 50% of world palm oil production.
World demand for palm oil has been increasing rapidly. Most of this palm oil was consumed in Asia.
Did you know that there was such a thing as Palm Kernel Cake?
PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC)
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of oil extraction from palm kernel. This by-product is ever increasing due to the increasing growth of the oil palm industry in Asia and Africa.Currently, most of the Palm kernel cake (PKC) produced in Malaysia is exported at a low price to Europe for use as cattle feed typically dairy cows.
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an established feed ingredient for ruminants, supplying valuable dietary sources of protein, energy and fiber. Palm kernel cake (PKC) has also been successfully tested in poultry feeds at low levels of incorporation. The low cost and availability of Palm kernel cake (PKC) in many tropical countries where aquaculture is practiced have recently generated much interest in its potential use in fish diets.
The big trees
Mature trees are single-stemmed, and grow to 20 m tall. The leaves are pinnate, and reach between 3-5 m long. A young tree produces about 30 leaves a year. Established trees over 10 years produce about 20 leaves a year.
2)Oil Palm Mill
So let us go deeper into the subject of oil palm while talking about the oil palm mill.
Did you know
that a cluster made out of these small fruits can be 40-50kg?!
and every part of the fruit can be made use of without wasting anything. The oil palm fruit is able to be processed into crude oil, soap, or even edible vegetable oil, and the empty fruit bunch(EFB) also has its purpose.
When the Palm Oil fruit reaches the Oil Palm Mill, they go through 4 stages of extraction of oil, but the more detailed processes are:
1)Bunch Reception-It is generally fruit bunches or loose fruit arriing from the fields after harvest.
2)Bunch Sterialisation-It is when the fruit itself is separated fom the bunch.
3)Bunch Threshing- It is used to destroys oil-splitting enzymes and arrests hydrolysis and autoxidation.It is also used to weakens the fruit stem and makes it easy to remove the fruit from bunches on shaking or tumbling in the threshing machine.
4)Fruit Digestion-It is the process whereby palm oil is released from the fruit by rupturing or breaking down the oil-bearing cells.
5)Pulp Pressing-It is basically the extraction of the palm oil.
6)Oil Clarification-It is when the oil is refines from thicker fibres.
The production plant in the oil palm mill is designed to use industrial wastes from the palm oil industry such as EFB and palm oil effluent to produce useful resources such as pulp, electricity and industrial steam. Palm Oil EFB Fibre is a raw materials similar to wood base fibre which can be used to produce paper pulp, MDF board & particle board. How cool is that?!? These many ways of finding a purpose for the different parts of the oil palm fruit makes sure that nothing is wasted and thus is environmentally–friendly!
East Sabah, in Malaysia presently has 58 palm oil mills producing crude palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake. The Oil Palm Sector in Sabah is an important sector for the economy in terms of export earning. Oil palm contributes more than 30% of the total income from exports. No wonder Malaysia is investing a lot of its money into this trade as this special trade is connected to its financial economy!
Palm oil is produced from the pulp of the fruit. The oil is light yellow to red in colour and is rich in carotenes (the precursor of vitamin A) and Vitamin E.
Palm kernel oil is produced from the seed. The oil is almost colourless and is used in making margarine, ice-cream and in the baking industry.
There is roughly 1 oil palm mill for every 10,000 ha of oil palm planted.
For each hectare of oil palm, which is harvested year-round, the annual production averages 10 tonnes of fruit, which yields 3,000 kg of pericarp oil, and 750 kg of seed kernels, which yield 250 kg of high quality palm kernel oil as well as 500 kg of kernel meal. The meal is used to feed livestock. Some varieties have even higher productivities which has led to their consideration for producing the vegetable oil needed for biodiesel.
Looks like the growing industry in palm oil isn’t going to die down anytime soon...
Done By: Tay Pei Ling and Joanna Loh
7:13 AM
